This is the most common type of hypertension, developing over time without a clear cause. However, factors such as genetics, age, and lifestyle may contribute to it.
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High Blood Pressure
The common causes of high blood pressure include aging, genetic factors, poor diet, lack of physical activity, obesity, alcohol consumption, smoking, stress, and other medical issues.
High blood pressure, also known as hypertension, is a serious medical condition in which the force of blood against the artery walls is consistently high. If the problem is untreated, it can lead to various health issues such as heart disease, kidney disease, stroke, and more. It is often called the silent killer because it typically shows no symptoms before attacking the human body. Many people are unaware of their condition until the damage is done.
Blood pressure refers to the force exerted by circulating blood against the walls of arteries. It is recorded using two different numbers. The first is the systolic pressure, which measures the pressure in the arteries when the heart beats and pumps blood. The second is the diastolic pressure, which measures the pressure in the arteries when the heart rests between beats.
Blood pressure is measured in millimeters of mercury (mmHg). Normal blood pressure is typically 120/80 mmHg. High blood pressure occurs when the blood pressure reading exceeds 130/80 mmHg, depending on its severity. Blood pressure is essential for circulating blood throughout the body to deliver oxygen and nutrients needed for tissues and organs to function properly. However, when the pressure is too high, it can cause damage to arteries and other organs. If the heart has to work harder to pump blood, it may lead to complications affecting various body parts such as the eyes, brain, kidneys, and heart.
Primary Hypertension
Secondary Hypertension
This type of high blood pressure is caused by underlying health conditions such as sleep disorders, kidney problems, and hormonal imbalances. If left untreated, it can lead to severe complications.
Masked Hypertension
In some cases, a person may have normal blood pressure readings at the doctor’s office, but higher readings at home. Regular monitoring is essential for an accurate diagnosis.
White Coat Hypertension
This occurs when a person’s blood pressure rises temporarily due to anxiety and stress during a medical visit.
Stages of High Blood Pressure
- Normal Blood Pressure – Less than 120/80 mmHg. No treatment is needed.
- Elevated Blood Pressure – Systolic pressure between 120-129 and diastolic below 80. Lifestyle changes can help control blood pressure.
- Stage 1 Hypertension – Systolic pressure between 130-139 or diastolic pressure between 80-89. Medical treatment and lifestyle changes are recommended.
- Stage 2 Hypertension – Systolic pressure above 140 or diastolic pressure above 90. Medication and lifestyle changes are necessary.
- Hypertensive Crisis – Systolic pressure above 180 or diastolic pressure above 120. This is a medical emergency requiring immediate attention. If left untreated, it can cause heart disease, kidney failure, vision loss, cognitive decline, or stroke.
High blood pressure is a common but manageable condition. Making proper dietary changes and exercising regularly can help control blood pressure. However, if your blood pressure becomes difficult to manage, you should consult a healthcare professional to maintain your overall health and well-being.
